This is why eukaryotic cells are usually larger than prokaryotic cells. The partitioning of various cellular functions into other membrane-enclosed structures allows for larger cells. Thus cells reach a limit to their maximum size. As a three dimensional object grows in size its surface area does not keep up with is volume. All cells are enclosed in a plasma membrane and it is through this membrane that all the nutrients and wastes must pass. At the large end, cell size is constrained by the passage of materials through the plasma membrane. The size of the smallest of cells is constrained by the minimum amount of genetic material need to keep the cell going. Many of the organelles that are found in eukaryotes are not found in prokaryotes.Ĭells are usually very small. The organelles are located in the cytoplasm. The nucleus of the eukaryotes is surrounded in the cell by the cytoplasm. The eukaryotes have their DNA in a nucleus that is enclosed by a membranous nuclear envelope. They have genetic material (DNA) but it is in a nucleoid region. Prokaryotic cells, as their name implies, have no true nucleus. The other kingdom, Monera (bacteria & cyanobacteria), consists of prokaryotic cells. Four of the five kingdoms: protists, plants, fungi, and animals are made up of eukaryotic cells. There are two types of cells: prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells. The cell's "anatomy" is referred to as its ultrastructure. Subcellular structures are called organelles.
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